All sources agree that the village of La Canourgue grew up around a monastery around the 7th century AD. A coin minted at the royal workshops in Banassac, bearing the inscription “SCI MARTINI” “fait à Saint-Martin”, attests to the presence of a monastery as early as the Merovingian period. Thechurch of Saint-Martin is still traditionally referred to as a“collegiate church“, as it was served by canons. The canons were even involved in naming the monastic village: in Occitan, chanoine is said “canougiès” and “canonica” in Latin.
The Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin
La Canourgue churchthe collegiate church of saint-martin
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By the 10th century, the monastery had lost its former splendor: local lords had seized the Church’s wealth, and the deans and provosts of the monastery were said to be married laymen who oppressed the clerics. To banish the sin of simony from La Canourgue, the bishop of Mende, Aldebert de Peyre, decided to donate the monastery to the abbey of Saint-Victor-de-Marseille. The charter was signed on July 4, 1060 in the cemetery next to thechurch of Saint-Frézal. The Benedictine monks of Saint-Victor were sent to officiate at Saint-Martin, which henceforth bore the title of “conventual priory”: i.e., it was placed under the authority of an abbey, but had the right to possess other priories itself.
The Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin
Remains of a monasteryIt is said that the Saint-Martin monastery was renowned in the 8th century for its relics. They undoubtedly contributed to its growth. At the time, the cult of relics was in full expansion, and they were highly coveted as they enabled monastic establishments to acquire a certain renown and legitimacy. They also provided a significant source of income, attracting crowds of pilgrims every day. To this day, nothing remains of the relics of the Canourg monastery, and we know nothing of their origins or fate… unless the collegiate church has not yet revealed all its secrets…
La Canourgue church
Remodeled over the centuriesIt is thought that it was with the revival brought about by the Benedictine monks at the end of the 11th century that construction of thepresent-day church began. Vestiges of this period are few and far between, the collegiate church having suffered the vicissitudes of time. What remains of the Romanesque edifice are the cross-vaulted side aisles and the chevet with its ambulatory and radiating chapels vaulted in cul-de-fours. The latter, unique in Lozère, is reminiscent of the great pilgrimage churches of the “Auvergnat” style. In the 15th century, the nave’s Romanesque vaulting was replaced by Gothic-style rib vaults. At the same time, rib-vaulted square chapels were inserted between the Romanesque radiating chapels. In 1670, the first two bays of the building, topped by a Romanesque bell tower, collapsed. They were never rebuilt, and a somewhat austere facade was erected to close off the collegiate church once again. A square bell tower was subsequently rebuilt above the south aisle. The latter was recently refurbished in 2023. The Saint-Martin collegiate church has passed through the centuries with flying colors, and its many transformations have in no way detracted from the building’s charm. On the contrary, they magnify and sublimate it, bringing to light the eras it has lived through, and thereby revealing its history and secrets…
DID YOU KNOW?
A sundial on the current church tower reads “UA HORA NON PUTATIS FILIUS HOMINIS VENIET ESTOTE PARATI”, in literary French “C’est à une heure que vous ignorez, que le fils de l’homme viendra, soyez prêts”. And another piece of information to know: at the time, La Canourgue had 4 churches, only the largest and smallest (Saint-Frézal chapel) survived…
- Is the Collégiale Saint-Martin accessible?
The Collégiale Saint-Martin is open to the public during the day all year round. It can also be visited on guided tours of La Canourgue organized by the Tourist Office.
- Where can I park to get to the Collégiale Saint-Martin?
There are several parking lots in the center of La Canourgue: place du pré commun, at the church, tour de ville, place du Portalou…
- Do religious ceremonies take place there?
The Collégiale Saint-Martin still hosts Sunday Masses all year round at 11am, Christmas Mass, New Year’s Day Mass, funerals, weddings, christenings… The chapel of Saint-Frézal hosts the annual mass of the Confrérie de la pouteille et des manouls.